This essay, written in memory of our colleague Cecilia Corsi, who passed away prematurely, argues that the ban on serving more than two consecutive terms—often referred to simply as the “third-term ban,” since it mostly applies to those who have served two consecutive terms—is justified, and is indeed constitutionally necessary, only when applied to the highest offices of the executive branch for which direct election by the citizens is provided. This ban, which is undoubtedly rather drastic and rigid in nature—like all “term limits”—nevertheless serves as an adequate counterbalance to prevent a concentration of power that would otherwise risk profoundly undermining the functioning of constitutional democracies; and it is justified only insofar as it applies to a monocratic office directly elected by the citizens, and therefore endowed with the powers of the head of an executive branch that is superior to its members and also capable of influencing—through his or her resignation—the term of the legislative body that was elected concurrently with the head of the executive branch, by virtue of the “simul stabunt simul cadent” rule, which typically accompanies direct election.
Il contributo, scritto in memoria della collega Cecilia Corsi, prematuramente scomparsa, sostiene che il divieto di svolgere più mandati consecutivi – spesso sinteticamente chiamato come ‘divieto di terzo mandato’, visto che perlopiù esso è riferito a chi ha esercitato due mandati consecutivi – si giustifichi, e sia anzi costituzionalmente necessario, solo ove riferito a cariche di vertice del potere esecutivo per le quali sia prevista l’elezione diretta da parte dei cittadini. Tale divieto, indubbiamente di natura piuttosto drastica e rigida, come tutti i "term limits", si presenta però come un adeguato contrappeso per evitare un accentramento dei poteri che altrimenti rischia di minare in profondità il funzionamento delle democrazie costituzionali; e si giustifica solo in quanto riferito a una carica monocratica eletta direttamente dai cittadini, e perciò dotata dei poteri del capo di un esecutivo sovraordinato rispetto ai componenti di questo e altresì in grado di condizionare, con le sue dimissioni – per effetto della regola del "simul stabunt simul cadent", che perlopiù accompagna l’elezione diretta – la durata dell’organo assembleare che è stato eletto contestualmente al vertice dell’esecutivo.
Lupo, Nicola. (2026). I limiti ai mandati consecutivi: una garanzia indispensabile, ma solo per i vertici di Esecutivi eletti direttamente. In Umberto Allegretti, Andrea Cardone, Andrea Simoncini, Giovanni Tarli Barbieri, Claudio Tucciarelli (Eds.), La grazia e la conoscenza. Scritti in memoria di Cecilia Corsi (pp. 233-248). Firenze University Press. Isbn: 979-12-215-1065-2. Doi: 10.36253/979-12-215-1065-2.24.
I limiti ai mandati consecutivi: una garanzia indispensabile, ma solo per i vertici di Esecutivi eletti direttamente
Nicola Lupo
2026
Abstract
This essay, written in memory of our colleague Cecilia Corsi, who passed away prematurely, argues that the ban on serving more than two consecutive terms—often referred to simply as the “third-term ban,” since it mostly applies to those who have served two consecutive terms—is justified, and is indeed constitutionally necessary, only when applied to the highest offices of the executive branch for which direct election by the citizens is provided. This ban, which is undoubtedly rather drastic and rigid in nature—like all “term limits”—nevertheless serves as an adequate counterbalance to prevent a concentration of power that would otherwise risk profoundly undermining the functioning of constitutional democracies; and it is justified only insofar as it applies to a monocratic office directly elected by the citizens, and therefore endowed with the powers of the head of an executive branch that is superior to its members and also capable of influencing—through his or her resignation—the term of the legislative body that was elected concurrently with the head of the executive branch, by virtue of the “simul stabunt simul cadent” rule, which typically accompanies direct election.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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