Beyond Distinct Legal Systems: Interdependence within the European Legal Space This essay, which comments on Constitutional Court Decision No. 71 of 2026, begins by recalling how the relationship between Italian law and EU law has traditionally been framed in light of the dualistic principle, consistently with principle of conferral and, consequently, with the criterion of competence among sources of law. In light of the transformation that have characterized the EU legal order in recent decades – including the expansion of EU policy fields and the emergence of values-based jurisprudence by the Court of Justice – the essay examines the recent evolution of the Constitutional Court’s “European journey”, beginning with Judgment No. 269 of 2017. Judgment No. 71 of 2026 represents a further turning point in the Court’s “European journey.” It emphasizes the interdependence of legal systems and signals a move beyond the dualistic principle, referring explicitly to an “integrated parameter” and to a bloc de constitutionnalité that includes provisions of the European Treaties. Incidentally, the judgment explicitly rejects the hierarchical criterion, although with considerable ambiguity as to the scope of that rejection: namely, whether it concerns only relations among courts or also relations among sources of law. The judgment also focuses on the duty of loyal cooperation and some of its applications, as a meta-principle regulating interdependence within the European legal space. On the merits, the ruling declares unconstitutional the Italian legislation concerning “long-serving” honorary judges insofar as, following their permanent appointment, it required them to forfeit rights conferred by EU law concerning paid leave, social security, and social assistance. According to the Court, this violated the right to judicial protection under Article 24 of the Italian Constitution and the right to an effective remedy before a court under Article 47(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The ruling also identifies, as a supreme principle of the Italian constitutional order – and prospectively as a “counter-limit” – the requirement that access to the ordinary judiciary take place through public competitive examinations, with the aim of preventing a recurrence of what occurred in relation to school personnel concerning the assimilation of tenured and temporary teachers. In conclusion, the essay examines both the stable elements and the ambiguities of this constitutional case law, which nonetheless remains consistently framed in a spirit of cooperation and dialogue with the Court of Justice.
Il contributo, a commento della sentenza n. 71 del 2026 della Corte costituzionale, nella prima parte ricorda come i rapporti tra diritto interno e diritto dell’Unione siano stati tradizionalmente inquadrati alla luce del principio dualistico, in coerenza con il rilievo rivestito dal principio di attribuzione e, conseguentemente, del criterio di competenza nei rapporti tra fonti del diritto. Alla luce dei mutamenti che hanno caratterizzato, negli ultimi decenni, l’ordinamento dell’Unione europea, con un’espansione delle sue competenze e l’affermarsi di una giurisprudenza per valori da parte della Corte di giustizia, si spiega l’evoluzione recente del “cammino comunitario” della Corte costituzionale, a partire dalla sentenza n. 269 del 2017. La sentenza n. 71 del 2026, qui commentata, rappresenta un’ulteriore svolta nel “cammino comunitario” della Corte, in cui si fa leva sull’interdipendenza tra ordinamenti e si sottolinea il superamento del principio dualistico, non avendo esitazione nel parlare di “parametro integrato” e di “blocco di costituzionalità”, che include anche le norme dei Trattati europei. Incidentalmente, la sentenza contiene un esplicito rigetto del criterio gerarchico, anche se con non poche ambiguità quanto all’estensione di tale rigetto (riferibile solo ai rapporti tra i giudici o anche alle relazioni tra le fonti del diritto) e si sofferma sul dovere di leale collaborazione e su alcune sue applicazioni, come meta-principio che regola l’interdipendenza nello spazio giuridico europeo. Nel merito, la sentenza afferma l’illegittimità costituzionale della normativa italiana sulla magistratura onoraria “di lungo corso”, laddove ha imposto, a seguito della loro stabilizzazione, la rinuncia ai diritti conferiti dall’Unione europea, quanto alle ferie retribuite, alla previdenza e all’assistenza, così violando il diritto alla tutela giurisdizionale di cui all’art. 24 Cost. e, allo stesso tempo, il diritto a un ricorso effettivo davanti a un giudice, di cui all’art. 47,1 CDFUE. Qualifica altresì come principio supremo dell’ordinamento costituzionale italiano (suscettibile, in prospettiva, di essere utilizzato quale “controlimite”) l’accesso alla magistratura ordinaria tramite concorso, al fine di evitare il ripetersi di quanto accaduto riguardo al personale scolastico, in termini di assimilazione tra docenti di ruolo e docenti precari. In conclusione, si analizzano punti fermi e ambiguità della giurisprudenza costituzionale, che comunque si pone sempre, correttamente, in chiave collaborativa e dialogante con la Corte di giustizia.
Lupo, Nicola. (2026). Ordinamenti non più distinti, ma interdipendenti, nello spazio giuridico europeo. EUROJUS, (ISSN: 2384-9169),3, 1-37.
Ordinamenti non più distinti, ma interdipendenti, nello spazio giuridico europeo
Nicola Lupo
2026
Abstract
Beyond Distinct Legal Systems: Interdependence within the European Legal Space This essay, which comments on Constitutional Court Decision No. 71 of 2026, begins by recalling how the relationship between Italian law and EU law has traditionally been framed in light of the dualistic principle, consistently with principle of conferral and, consequently, with the criterion of competence among sources of law. In light of the transformation that have characterized the EU legal order in recent decades – including the expansion of EU policy fields and the emergence of values-based jurisprudence by the Court of Justice – the essay examines the recent evolution of the Constitutional Court’s “European journey”, beginning with Judgment No. 269 of 2017. Judgment No. 71 of 2026 represents a further turning point in the Court’s “European journey.” It emphasizes the interdependence of legal systems and signals a move beyond the dualistic principle, referring explicitly to an “integrated parameter” and to a bloc de constitutionnalité that includes provisions of the European Treaties. Incidentally, the judgment explicitly rejects the hierarchical criterion, although with considerable ambiguity as to the scope of that rejection: namely, whether it concerns only relations among courts or also relations among sources of law. The judgment also focuses on the duty of loyal cooperation and some of its applications, as a meta-principle regulating interdependence within the European legal space. On the merits, the ruling declares unconstitutional the Italian legislation concerning “long-serving” honorary judges insofar as, following their permanent appointment, it required them to forfeit rights conferred by EU law concerning paid leave, social security, and social assistance. According to the Court, this violated the right to judicial protection under Article 24 of the Italian Constitution and the right to an effective remedy before a court under Article 47(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The ruling also identifies, as a supreme principle of the Italian constitutional order – and prospectively as a “counter-limit” – the requirement that access to the ordinary judiciary take place through public competitive examinations, with the aim of preventing a recurrence of what occurred in relation to school personnel concerning the assimilation of tenured and temporary teachers. In conclusion, the essay examines both the stable elements and the ambiguities of this constitutional case law, which nonetheless remains consistently framed in a spirit of cooperation and dialogue with the Court of Justice.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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