Over the last few decades, anti-mafia prevention has developed with the aim of protecting the legal economy from the infiltration of mafia organisations and the influence of serious forms of criminal activity. The range of instruments within the framework of “anti-mafia economic prevention”, as defined by Legislative Decree no. 159/2011, has gradually taken on a pyramidal structure, guided by a gradualist approach. The intensity of the various measures includes the confiscation of assets, the prohibition of access to public contracts or financing and various “cooperative compliance- like” measures, depending on whether mafia infiltration (or criminal facilitation) is sporadic or continuous (such as judicial administration or judicial control, the latter also on a voluntary basis). However, this system faces a number of critical issues and uncertainties, such as the strong divergence between judicial and administrative preventive measures, with a confusing overlap of competences, and the damage to reputation and profitability, which is often irreversible and affects even companies that are considered to be “victims” and conditioned by criminals rather than colluding with them. In any case, the central challenge within asset-based prevention remains that of securing fundamental rights and requires an updated methodology that avoids a simplistic categorisation of guarantees based solely on the “criminal” or “non-criminal” nature of the various measures
Negli ultimi decenni la prevenzione patrimoniale e` evoluta con l’obiettivo di schermare l’economia legale da qualsiasi infiltrazione delle organizzazioni mafiose e dall’interferenza di altre gravi forme di criminalita`. Col tempo, l’arsenale della “prevenzione economica antimafia” delineato dal d.lgs. n. 159/2011 ha assunto un’articolata fisionomia piramidale, seguendo un criterio gradualistico. L’intensita` dei diversi strumenti di intervento puo` oscillare dall’ablazione patrimoniale, all’interdizione dai contratti o finanziamenti pubblici, a strumenti “curativi” variamente modulati a seconda che l’infiltrazione mafiosa (o l’agevolazione criminale) sia occasionale oppure continuativa (amministrazione giudiziaria ovvero controllo giudiziario, quest’ultimo anche su base volontaria). Permangono, tuttavia, numerose criticita` e zone d’ombra, tra cui il netto divario tra prevenzione giurisdizionale e prevenzione amministrativa – al quale si accompagna una confusa sovrapposizione di competenze – e il danno reputazionale e la perdita di redditivita`, spesso irreversibile, che tende a subire anche l’impresa “vittima” di condizionamento anziche´ collusa. Il nodo principale resta quello delle garanzie e impone una metodologia rinnovata che eviti di suddividere in modo binario le tutele in base all’etichetta “penale” o “non penale”.
Mongillo, Vincenzo. (2023). Anatomia della prevenzione economico-aziendale antimafia. RIVISTA TRIMESTRALE DI DIRITTO PENALE DELL'ECONOMIA, (ISSN: 2974-5519),3-4, 515-539.
Anatomia della prevenzione economico-aziendale antimafia
Vincenzo Mongillo
2023
Abstract
Over the last few decades, anti-mafia prevention has developed with the aim of protecting the legal economy from the infiltration of mafia organisations and the influence of serious forms of criminal activity. The range of instruments within the framework of “anti-mafia economic prevention”, as defined by Legislative Decree no. 159/2011, has gradually taken on a pyramidal structure, guided by a gradualist approach. The intensity of the various measures includes the confiscation of assets, the prohibition of access to public contracts or financing and various “cooperative compliance- like” measures, depending on whether mafia infiltration (or criminal facilitation) is sporadic or continuous (such as judicial administration or judicial control, the latter also on a voluntary basis). However, this system faces a number of critical issues and uncertainties, such as the strong divergence between judicial and administrative preventive measures, with a confusing overlap of competences, and the damage to reputation and profitability, which is often irreversible and affects even companies that are considered to be “victims” and conditioned by criminals rather than colluding with them. In any case, the central challenge within asset-based prevention remains that of securing fundamental rights and requires an updated methodology that avoids a simplistic categorisation of guarantees based solely on the “criminal” or “non-criminal” nature of the various measuresPubblicazioni consigliate
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