Torto e tipo

‘Typicality’ recalls a technique of position of the case (fattispecie). The techniques of position consist in patterns of signification, by which men generate concepts. Position is always the origin of a concept. The Author explores this issue through two elective laboratories in the system of the Civil Code: the problem of the typicality of the sources of obligation; the problem of the typicality of tort. The Author tackles the matter from the perspective of language. In this way, he defines as “tort” (or – if one wishes – breach of a duty to protect) any type of conduct capable of harming an interest which is external from the relationship and therefore of causing negative damage; “default”, any type of conduct capable of harming an interest internal to the relationship (strong ‘utilitas’, guaranteed to the creditor) and of causing positive damage