The contribution analyzes the links between the Italian Constitution and the process of European integration, which are generally outlined by what in the Constitutions of the Member States are called "European clauses": the constitutional provisions – contained in the original text of the Constitution or introduced later – which, with very varied formulas, allow or require the accession to the European Union, possibly setting limits and conditions to future stages of the process of European integration. To this end, a large part of the contribution is devoted to the analysis of the provision that has functioned as an "implicit and general" European clause: namely, article 11 of the Italian Constitution. The contribution will retrace its origins, in the Constituent Assembly and in the light of the fascist experience, its multiple (but closely) connected contents and, above all, the interpretation of this article that has been affirmed, since the 1950s, in order to implement in Italy the Treaties establishing the European Communities. It also takes into account the consultative referendum held in 1989 and the constitutional revisions approved subsequently, which introduced specific and explicit references to the European Union (the most important of which in articles 81, 97, 117 and 119 of the Constitution), albeit without ever replacing the general clause in article 11 and its crucial role. It is argued that the use of article 11 of the Constitution as an "implicit and general European clause", although originally due to peculiar historical and political circumstances, has represented a crucial and now foundational junction in the evolution of the Italian Constitution. The openness to international organizations aimed at promoting peace and justice among nations and the necessity of the consequent limitations of sovereignty have allowed Italy to figure among the promoters of the various phases of European integration; and the Republican Constitution to evolve, over more than seventy years, in full coherence with its founding values, for the most part without the need to resort to constitutional revisions.
Il contributo analizza i legami tra la Costituzione italiana e il processo di integrazione europea, legami che sono in genere delineati dalle “clausole europee”: le disposizioni costituzionali – contenute nel testo originario delle Costituzioni degli Stati membri o introdotte in seguito – che, con formule assai variegate, consentono o richiedono l’adesione all’Unione europea, ponendo eventualmente limiti e condizioni alle future tappe del processo di integrazione europea. A questo scopo, larga parte del contributo è dedicata all’analisi della disposizione che, per l’Italia, ha funzionato da clausola europea “implicita e generale”: ossia, l’art. 11 della Costituzione italiana. Si ripercorreranno le sue origini, in Assemblea Costituente e alla luce dell’esperienza fascista, i suoi molteplici (ma strettamente connessi) contenuti e, soprattutto, l’interpretazione di tale articolo che si è affermata, sin dagli anni ’50, al fine di dare esecuzione in Italia dei trattati istitutivi delle Comunità europee. Si dà inoltre conto del referendum consultivo svoltosi nel 1989 e delle revisioni costituzionali intervenute successivamente, con cui si sono introdotti specifici ed espliciti riferimenti all’Unione europea (le più importanti delle quali negli articoli 81, 97, 117 e 119 Cost.), seppure senza mai sostituire, né emendare la clausola di carattere generale di cui all’art. 11. Si sostiene che l’uso dell’art. 11 della Costituzione come “clausola europea implicita e generale”, pur in origine dovuto a circostanze storico-politiche peculiari, abbia rappresentato uno snodo cruciale e a pieno titolo fondativo per l’evoluzione della Costituzione italiana. L’apertura alle organizzazioni internazionali volte a promuovere la pace e la giustizia tra le nazioni e le conseguenti necessarie limitazioni di sovranità hanno permesso all’Italia di figurare tra i promotori delle diverse fasi dell’integrazione europea; e, al contempo, alla Costituzione repubblicana di evolversi, nell’arco di più di un settantennio, in piena coerenza con i suoi valori fondanti, perlopiù senza bisogno di ricorrere a revisioni costituzionali.
Clausole “europee” implicite ed esplicite nella Costituzione italiana / Lupo, Nicola. - In: FEDERALISMI.IT. - ISSN 1826-3534. - 4(2022), pp. 483-500.
Clausole “europee” implicite ed esplicite nella Costituzione italiana
Nicola Lupo
2022
Abstract
The contribution analyzes the links between the Italian Constitution and the process of European integration, which are generally outlined by what in the Constitutions of the Member States are called "European clauses": the constitutional provisions – contained in the original text of the Constitution or introduced later – which, with very varied formulas, allow or require the accession to the European Union, possibly setting limits and conditions to future stages of the process of European integration. To this end, a large part of the contribution is devoted to the analysis of the provision that has functioned as an "implicit and general" European clause: namely, article 11 of the Italian Constitution. The contribution will retrace its origins, in the Constituent Assembly and in the light of the fascist experience, its multiple (but closely) connected contents and, above all, the interpretation of this article that has been affirmed, since the 1950s, in order to implement in Italy the Treaties establishing the European Communities. It also takes into account the consultative referendum held in 1989 and the constitutional revisions approved subsequently, which introduced specific and explicit references to the European Union (the most important of which in articles 81, 97, 117 and 119 of the Constitution), albeit without ever replacing the general clause in article 11 and its crucial role. It is argued that the use of article 11 of the Constitution as an "implicit and general European clause", although originally due to peculiar historical and political circumstances, has represented a crucial and now foundational junction in the evolution of the Italian Constitution. The openness to international organizations aimed at promoting peace and justice among nations and the necessity of the consequent limitations of sovereignty have allowed Italy to figure among the promoters of the various phases of European integration; and the Republican Constitution to evolve, over more than seventy years, in full coherence with its founding values, for the most part without the need to resort to constitutional revisions.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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