Illegal trafficking in hazardous waste on a transnational basis, as a phenomenon, is both alarming and difficult to combat, not only on account of the active involvement of organized crime, but also because of the lack of homogeneous regulation in terms of controls and sanctions at both European and international level. Directive 2008/99/EC on environmental crimes does not provide for a detailed description of the criminal offences therein envisaged, nor does it prescribe specific types or levels of penalties. The regulatory scenario in Europe is therefore quite varied: unlike the Italian legal system – characterized by the express provision for the crime of “organized activities for the illegal trafficking of waste” (art. 452 quaterdecies c.p.) –, in other nations there isn’t a criminal offence specifically aimed at combating organized illegal trafficking of waste, nor properly severe penalties are in force. Thus, it seems essential to move towards a common European crime of illegal trafficking of waste, which will have to be implemented relying on the legislative competence of the European Union in criminal matters, pursuant to Art. 83 TFEU. Lastly, an effective action to tackle this phenomenon requires the use of adequate preventive tools, as well as the adoption of an interdisciplinary approach, in order to draw on diversified professional skills and experiences.
Il traffico illecito di rifiuti pericolosi su base transnazionale è un fenomeno preoccupante e difficile da contrastare, non solo per il coinvolgimento attivo della criminalità organizzata, ma anche per la mancanza di regimi normativi omogenei di controllo e di punizione in ambito sia europeo che internazionale. La stessa Direttiva 2008/99/CE sui reati ambientali non descrive in dettaglio le singole fattispecie criminose in materia, né prescrive specifici tipi e livelli di sanzioni penali. Lo scenario normativo in Europa è pertanto alquanto variegato: a differenza dell’ordinamento italiano – caratterizzato dalla espressa previsione del delitto di “attività organizzate per il traffico illecito di rifiuti” (art. 452 quaterdecies c.p.) – in altre nazioni difetta una fattispecie specificatamente mirata a contrastare il traffico organizzato di rifiuti, né sono in vigore sanzioni adeguatamente severe. Appare allora imprescindibile orientarsi verso una fattispecie comune europea di traffico illecito di rifiuti, da adottare avvalendosi delle competenze normative dell’Unione Europea in materia penale, ai sensi dell’Art. 83 TFUE. Da ultimo, il contrasto efficace a tale fenomeno impone il ricorso ad appropriati strumenti di prevenzione, nonché l’adozione di un approccio interdisciplinare, per avvalersi di professionalità ed esperienze diversificate.
Il contrasto in Europa al traffico illecito di rifiuti pericolosi su base transnazionale / Bellacosa, Maurizio. - In: DIRITTO PENALE CONTEMPORANEO. - ISSN 2240-7618. - 4/2019(2019), pp. 176-198.
Il contrasto in Europa al traffico illecito di rifiuti pericolosi su base transnazionale
Bellacosa, M.
2019
Abstract
Illegal trafficking in hazardous waste on a transnational basis, as a phenomenon, is both alarming and difficult to combat, not only on account of the active involvement of organized crime, but also because of the lack of homogeneous regulation in terms of controls and sanctions at both European and international level. Directive 2008/99/EC on environmental crimes does not provide for a detailed description of the criminal offences therein envisaged, nor does it prescribe specific types or levels of penalties. The regulatory scenario in Europe is therefore quite varied: unlike the Italian legal system – characterized by the express provision for the crime of “organized activities for the illegal trafficking of waste” (art. 452 quaterdecies c.p.) –, in other nations there isn’t a criminal offence specifically aimed at combating organized illegal trafficking of waste, nor properly severe penalties are in force. Thus, it seems essential to move towards a common European crime of illegal trafficking of waste, which will have to be implemented relying on the legislative competence of the European Union in criminal matters, pursuant to Art. 83 TFEU. Lastly, an effective action to tackle this phenomenon requires the use of adequate preventive tools, as well as the adoption of an interdisciplinary approach, in order to draw on diversified professional skills and experiences.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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